Introduction to fluid mechanics

Sobre este libro

This is an introductory fluid mechanics text, intended for the first Fluid Mechanics course required of all engineers. The goal of this book is to modernise the teaching of fluid mechanics by encouraging students to visualise and simulate flow processes. The book also introduces students to the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, the most important new approach to the study of fluids. Fluid mechanics is traditionally one of the most difficult topics in the curriculum for ME students: this text aims to overcome those learning difficulties through visualisation of the key concepts.Contents: 1. Fundamental Concepts 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Gases. Liquids and Solids 1.3 Methods of Description 1.4 Dimensions and Unit Sytems 1.5 Problem Solving 2. Fluid Properties 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Mass, Weight and Density 2.3 Pressure 2.4 Temperature and Other Thermal Properties 2.5 The Perfect Gas Law 2.6 Bulk Compressibility Modules 2.7 Viscosity 2.8 Surface Tension 2.9 Fluid Energy 3. Case Studies in Fluid Mechanics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Common Dimensionless Groups 3.3 Case Studies 4. Fluid Forces 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Classification of Fluid Forces 4.3 The Orgins of Body and Surface Forces 4.4 Body Forces 4.5 Surface Forces 4.6 Stress in a Fluid 4.7 Forces Balance in a Fluid 5. Fluid Statics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Hydrostatic Stress 5.3 Hydrostatic Equation 5.4 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution 5.5 Hydrostatic Force 5.6 Hydrostatic Moment 5.7 Resultant Force and Point of Application 5.8 Buoyancy and Archimedes 5.9 Equilibrium and Stability of Immerseed Bodies 6. The Velocity Field and Fluid Transport 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Fluid Velocity Field 6.3 Fluid Acceleration 6.4 The Substantial Derivative 6.5 Classification of Flows 6.6 No-Slip, No-Penetration Boundary Condition 6.7 Fluid Transport 6.8 Average Velocity and Flowrate 7. Control Volume Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic Concepts: System and Control Volume 7.3 System and Control Volume Analysis 7.4 Reynolds Transport Theorem for a System 7.5 Reynolds Transport Theorem for a Control Volume 7.6 Control Volume Analysis 8. Flow of an Invicid Fluid: The Bernoulli Equation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Friction Flow along a Streamline 8.3 Bernoulli Equation 8.4 Static, Dynamic, Stagnation and Total Pressure 8.5 Applications of the Bernoulli Equation 8.6 Relationship to the Energy Equation 9. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Buckingham PI Theorem 9.3 Repeating Variables Method 9.4 Similitude and Model Development 9.5 Correlation of Experimental Data 9.6 Application to Case Studies 10. Elements of Flow Visualisation and Flow Structure 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Lagrangian Kinematics 10.3 The Eulerian-Langrangian Connection 10.4 Material Lines, Surfaces and Volumes 10.5 Pathlines and Streaklines 10.6 Streamlines and Streamtubes 10.7 Motion and Deformation 10.8 Velocity 10.9 Rate of Rotation 10.10 Rate of Expansion 10.11 Rate of Shear Deformation 11. Governing Equations of Fluid Dynamics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Continuity Equation 11.3 Momentum Equation 11.4 Constitutive Model for a Newtonian Fluid 11.5 Navier-Stokes Equations 11.6 Euler Equations 11.7 Energy Equation 11.8 Discussion 12. Analysis of Incompressive Flow 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Steady Viscous Flow 12.3 Unsteady Viscous Flow 12.4 Turbulent 12.5 Inviscid Irrotational Flow 13. Flow in Pipes and Ducts 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Steady Fully Developed Flow in a Pipe or Duct 13.3 Analysis of Flow in Single Path Pipe and Duct Systems 13.4 Analysis of Flow in Multiple Path Pipe and Duct Systems 13.5 Elements of Pipe and Duct Systems Design 14. External Flow 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Boundary Layers: Basic Concepts 14.3 Drag: Basic Concepts 14.4 Drag Coefficients 14.5 Life and Drag of Airfoils 15. Open Channel Flow 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Basic Concepts in Open Channel Flow 15.3 The Importance of the Froude Number 15.4 Energy Conservation in Open Channel Flow 15.5 Flow in a Channel with Uniform Depth 15.6 Flow in a Channel with Gradually-Varying Depth 15.7 Flow Under a Sluice Gate 15.8 Flow over a Weir